多组学分析揭示急性缺氧诱导黄颡鱼肠道损伤及丁酸梭菌B3保护机制

Abstract

Acute hypoxia stress poses a significant challenge in aquaculture, not only compromising gut health but also resulting in substantial economic losses. Using an integrated multi-omics approach, this study demonstrates that hypoxia severely disrupts the intestinal function of yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ), specifically manifesting as phospholipid metabolism disorders, inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation, reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis, imbalanced gut microbiota (e.g., decreased levels of beneficial lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 ), and downregulation of detoxification pathways mediated by cytochrome P450. Building upon the previously isolated and identified high-yield SCFA-producing probiotic Clostridium butyricum B3 from yellow catfish in early work, this research further investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of B3 supplementation in mitigating hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier damage in yellow catfish. The results indicated that the supplementation of C. butyricum B3, particularly at a dose of 3.0 × 10⁷ CFU/g, significantly reduced histological damage, enhanced the expression of key tight junction proteins (such as ZO-1 and Claudin ), and modulated hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathways (including HIF-1α , FIH , and PHD ). Furthermore, the application of C. butyricum B3 restored microbial ecological balance by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria like Cetobacterium and inhibiting potential pathogens such as Acinetobacter . In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential of C. butyricum B3 as a novel probiotic strategy for enhancing fish hypoxia tolerance and maintaining intestinal integrity, offering valuable insights for sustainable aquaculture practices.