Abstract

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are routinely used in prospective and retrospective studies. It is crucial to obtain high-quality nucleic acid (NA) from FFPE samples for downstream molecular analysis, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and microarray, in both clinical diagnosis and basic research. The current NA extraction methods from FFPE samples using chemical solvent are tedious, environmentally unfriendly, and unamenable to automation or field deployment. We present a tool for NA extraction from FFPE samples using a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology. A cartridge strip containing reagents for FFPE sample deparaffinization and NA extraction and purification is operated by an automation tool consisting of a HIFU module, a liquid handling robot unit, and accessories including a thermal block and magnets. The HIFU module is a single concaved piezoelectric ceramic plate driven by a current-mode class-D power amplifier. Based on the ultrasonic cavitation effects, the HIFU module provides highly concentrated energy introducing paraffin emulsification and disintegration. The high quantity and quality of NA extracted using the reported system are evaluated by PCR and compared with the quantity and quality of NA extracted using the current standard methods. Graphical abstract