通过整合微生物组学和代谢组学揭示富含多酚的甘蔗提取物降血糖作用的机制

Abstract

Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) has been recognized for its benefits in blood glucose control; however, its mechanisms of action are not yet fully defined. Here, integrated microbiomics and metabonomics were utilized to elaborate the hypoglycemic mechanisms of sugarcane polyphenol extract (SPE) in a diabetic mouse model. A total of 22 polyphenol compounds were identified in SPE by UPLC-MS/MS, accounting for 20.4% of the extract. Oral administration of SPE ameliorated multiple diabetic manifestations in db/db mice, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue hypertrophy, tissue lesions, and gut inflammation. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum identified key metabolites involved in glycolipid metabolism, such as phosphatidylcholine, 19(S)-HETE, leukotriene D4, citrate, and taurocholic acid. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that the metabolic improvements induced by SPE were linked to a shift in the gut microbiota, characterized by an increase in beneficial taxa (e.g., Alistipes , Ligilactobacillus ) and a decrease in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Oscillibacter . Importantly, SPE elevated fecal levels of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) and enhanced the activity of their producing enzymes (acetate kinase (Ack), methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (Mcd), and butyryl-CoA (But). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SPE may exert hypoglycemic effects via remodeling the gut microbiota and metabolites, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for T2D.