This gene encodes a member of the C1 family of peptidases. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. At least one of these variants encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the cathepsin B light and heavy chains, which can dimerize to form the double chain form of the enzyme. This enzyme is a lysosomal cysteine protease with both endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity that may play a role in protein turnover. It is also known as amyloid precursor protein secretase and is involved in the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Incomplete proteolytic processing of APP has been suggested to be a causative factor in Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Overexpression of the encoded protein has been associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and other tumors. Both Cathepsin B and Cathepsin L are involved in the cleavage of the spike protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) upon its entry to the human host cell. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified.

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Western blotting analysis using Cathepsin B antibody . Total cell lysates (30 μg) from various cell lines were loaded and separated by SDS-PAGE. The blot was incubated with Cathepsin B antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using FeQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

Western blotting analysis using Cathepsin B antibody . Cathepsin B expression in wild type (WT) and Cathepsin B shRNA knockdown (KD) HeLa cells with 30 μg of total cell lysates. Hsp90 α serves as a loading control. The blot was incubated with Cathepsin B antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using NaQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

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