This gene encodes a member of the Smad family of signal transduction proteins. Smad proteins are phosphorylated and activated by transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases in response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling. The product of this gene forms homomeric complexes and heteromeric complexes with other activated Smad proteins, which then accumulate in the nucleus and regulate the transcription of target genes. This protein binds to DNA and recognizes an 8-bp palindromic sequence (GTCTAGAC) called the Smad-binding element (SBE). The protein acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibits epithelial cell proliferation. It may also have an inhibitory effect on tumors by reducing angiogenesis and increasing blood vessel hyperpermeability. The encoded protein is a crucial component of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. The Smad proteins are subject to complex regulation by post-translational modifications. Mutations or deletions in this gene have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome.

推荐稀释比 WB: 1/1000-1/5000; FC: 1/200-1/2000; ICC/IF: 1/100-1/1000; IHC-P: 1/100-1/200

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Flow cytometric analysis of Smad4 expression in C2C12 cells using Smad4 antibody . Green, isotype control; red, Smad4.

Immunocytochemical staining of C2C12 cells with Smad4 antibody . Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI; Smad4 was stained magenta with Alexa Fluor® 647. Images were taken using Leica stellaris 5. Protein abundance based on laser Intensity and smart gain: Medium. Scale bar, 20 μm.

Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using smad4 antibody . Antigen retrieval was done in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0). DAB was used for detection, with hematoxylin counterstaining. Images were acquired using a Nikon Ci-L Plus microscope (40× objective). Scale bar, 25 μm.

Western blotting analysis using Smad4 antibody . Total cell lysates (30 μg) from various cell lines were loaded and separated by SDS-PAGE. The blot was incubated with Smad4 antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using FeQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

Western blotting analysis using Smad4 antibody . Smad4 expression in wild type (WT) and Smad4 shRNA knockdown (KD) HT-1080 cells with 30 μg of total cell lysates. Hsp90 α serves as a loading control. The blot was incubated with Smad4 antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using FeQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

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