The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including a few localized in the cytosol and some lacking the C-terminal Sec residue, have been found for this gene.

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Flow cytometric analysis of Thioredoxin reductase 2 expression in HeLa cells using Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody . Green, isotype control; red, Thioredoxin reductase 2.

Immunocytochemical staining of Hela cells with Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody . Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI; Thioredoxin reductase 2 was stained magenta with Alexa Fluor® 647. Images were taken using Leica stellaris 5. Protein abundance based on laser Intensity and smart gain: Medium. Scale bar, 20 μm.

Western blotting analysis using Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody . Total cell lysates (30 μg) from various cell lines were loaded and separated by SDS-PAGE. The blot was incubated with Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using FeQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

Western blotting analysis using Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody . Thioredoxin reductase 2 expression in wild type (WT) and Thioredoxin reductase 2 shRNA knockdown (KD) HT-1080 cells with 30 μg of total cell lysates. Hsp90 α serves as a loading control. The blot was incubated with Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using FeQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

Validation of Thioredoxin reductase 2 knockdown using flow cytometry. Wild-type(WT, Blue) and knockdown(KD, Green) HT-1080 cells were stained with Thioredoxin reductase 2 antibody and analyzed using BD flow cytometer.

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