This gene was identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in a large number of cancers at high frequency. The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. It contains a tensin like domain as well as a catalytic domain similar to that of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Unlike most of the protein tyrosine phosphatases, this protein preferentially dephosphorylates phosphoinositide substrates. It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating AKT/PKB signaling pathway. The use of a non-canonical (CUG) upstream initiation site produces a longer isoform that initiates translation with a leucine, and is thought to be preferentially associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. This longer isoform may help regulate energy metabolism in the mitochondria. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing and the use of multiple translation start codons results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

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Flow cytometric analysis of PTEN expression in C2C12 cells using PTEN antibody . Green, isotype control; red, PTEN.

Immunocytochemical staining of HepG2 cells with PTEN antibody . Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI; PTEN was stained magenta with Alexa Fluor® 647. Images were taken using Leica stellaris 5. Protein abundance based on laser Intensity and smart gain: Medium. Scale bar, 20 μm.

Western blotting analysis using PTEN antibody . Total cell lysates (30 μg) from various cell lines were loaded and separated by SDS-PAGE. The blot was incubated with PTEN antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using NaQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

Western blotting analysis using PTEN antibody . PTEN expression in wild type (WT) and PTEN knockout (KO) HSHC cells with 20 μg of total cell lysates. Hsp90 α serves as a loading control. The blot was incubated with PTEN antibody and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody respectively. Image was developed using NaQ™ ECL Substrate Kit .

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