Hemostasis following tissue injury involves the deployment of essential plasma procoagulants which are involved in a blood coagulation cascade leading to the formation of insoluble fibrin clots and the promotion of platelet aggregation. Factor XII, (FXII) a blood coagulation factor, is a serum glycoprotein that participates in fibrinolysis, as well as the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. An enzyme of the serine protease (or serine endopeptidase) class, it activates both Factor XI and prekallikrein in the coagulation cascade. Factor XII deficiency, a rare hereditary disorder slightly more prevalent among Asians, does not cause excessive hemorrhaging since other coagulation factors compensate for it. Researchers have still reported Factor XII deficiency to be a risk factor for the development of arterial and venous thromboembolism. The gene for human Factor XII maps to the very end of the long arm of the fifth chromosome (5q33-qter).

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