Abstract

The escalating crisis of bacterial resistance presents a formidable challenge, necessitating the urgent development of innovative antibacterial strategies to counteract this growing threat. Nevertheless, the suboptimal production efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inadequate catalytic activity of single-component nanozymes continue to significantly constrain the advancement of effective therapeutic strategies. This work constructed a multifunctional nano-antibacterial platform composed of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, nickel-iron bimetallic composite (NF), and lysozyme (Lys). Under near-infrared laser (NIR) irradiation, the Ti 3 C 2 T x undergoes significant high-temperature generation via the photothermal effect, causing thermal damage to bacteria. Concurrently, NF exhibits enhanced peroxidase-like activity, accelerating H 2 O 2 decomposition through a peroxidase-like reaction, and generating cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to achieve chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Additionally, NIR excited Ti 3 C 2 T x also generate Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), inducing photodynamic antibacterial (PDT) effects. Notably, the intense thermal effect greatly enhances the activity of Lys, facilitating ROS attacks on bacteria. Compared with single mode systems, the tri-modal synergistic system achieves a nearly 99.9% inactivation rate against both methicillin-resistant Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) within 5   min, demonstrating superior antibacterial performance through its triple-strategy approach. By rationally integrating enzyme-like catalysis, light-responsive materials and bioactive components, this study provides a promising antibiotic-free new paradigm for combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.