Abstract

This study explores a novel multimodal approach to breast cancer treatment, combining oxygen-generating CaO 2 @Bovine Serum Albumin (CaO 2 @BSA) nanoparticles with ultrasound cavitation. We evaluated this strategy in a mouse model, focusing on its effects on the tumor microenvironment, specifically hypoxia and HIF-1α expression, while also monitoring angiogenesis via CD31 expression. The results showed that the combined therapy significantly reduced tumor volume and size compared to conventional chemotherapy, with the release of oxygen from CaO 2 nanoparticles alleviating hypoxia and leading to decreased HIF-1α and CD31 levels. Additionally, the alkaline environment created by calcium hydroxide inhibited tumor cell survival, resulting in lower cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Overall, this approach enhances antitumor efficacy while preserving healthy tissue, suggesting promising implications for breast cancer management and potential applications in precision medicine.