胰岛素是胰腺中胰岛β细胞分泌的一种双链形式(α,β)的多肽激素,由51个氨基酸组成,分子量约5800 Da。两条链间通过二对二硫键连接,而α链自身还含有一对二硫键。胰岛素是目前已知的机体内能降低血糖的蛋白激素,不仅负责调控细胞对葡萄糖、氨基酸和脂肪酸的摄入,利用和储存,而且抑制糖原,蛋白质和脂肪的降解发生。
不同物种胰岛素功能大体相同,只是氨基酸组成上的差异。人胰岛素结构见下:

牛胰岛素不同于人胰岛素的氨基酸位点是:α链中的第八个氨基酸 ( α8) 用丙氨酸 (A) 替代苏氨酸 (T) ,第十个氨基酸 ( α10) 用缬氨酸 (V) 替代异亮氨酸 (I) 。β链中 C末端用丙氨酸 (A) 替代苏氨酸 (T)。
翌圣提供的牛胰岛素是通过多次硫酸铵和等电点沉淀的方法从牛胰腺的乙醇/磷酸提取物中纯化获得,常用作细胞培养的辅助成分,常见使用浓度为 1-10 μg/mL。
| CAS号(CAS NO.) | 11070-73-8 |
| 分子式(Molecular Formula) | C254H377N65O75S6 |
| 分子量(Molecular Weight) | 5733.5 |
| 外观(Appearance) | 白色至类白色粉末 |
| 活性(potency)(HPLC) | ≥27 USP units/mg |
| 锌含量(Zinc Amount ) | ~0.5%(若实验要求去除锌离子,可将胰岛素溶解在稀醋酸内,加入过量EDTA螯合锌离子,然后等电点沉淀纯化胰岛素) |
| 溶解性(Solubility) | 不溶于水,溶于稀醋酸或稀盐酸(pH 2-3) |
| 等电点(pI) | pl = 5.3 (天然蛋白) |
| 沉降系数(S20,w) (Sedimentation Coefficient) | 1.95 x 10-13 |
| 扩散系数(D20,w) (Diffusion Coefficient) | 7.30×10-7 |
| EM(278nm) | 6080(33 mM phosphate,pH 7.0) |
| E1%(278nm) | 10.6(33 mM phosphate,pH 7.0) |
| 序列(Sequence) | A-Chain: G-I-V-E-Q-C-C-A-S-V-C-S-L-Y-Q-L-E-N-Y-C-N B-Chain: F-V-N-Q-H-L-C-G-S-H-L-V-E-A-L-Y-L-V-C-G-E-R-G-F-F-Y-T-P-K-A |
干粉-25~-15℃避光干燥保存,有效期2年。溶液-25~-15℃避光干燥保存,有效期 3~6个月。
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